附錄 2 拚音練習
附2-1 字母表
A a |
B b |
C c |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||
Dd |
E e |
F f |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||
G g |
H h |
I i |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||
J j |
K k |
L l |
|||
|
|
|
|
||
M m |
N n |
Ng ng |
|||
|
|
|
|
||
O o |
P p |
Q q |
|||
|
|
|
|
||
R r |
S s |
T t |
|||
|
|
|
|
||
U u |
V v |
W w |
|||
|
|
|
|
||
X x |
Y y |
Z z |
|||
附2-2 拚音練習的步驟
1.
注意台語的發音除了子音與母音之外,還有聲調。聲調的掌握是學習台語字的關鍵。
2.
台語字的拼音方式是從左邊到右邊連寫,子音在前,母音在後,在母音的後面連結聲調。
附2-3 單母音
學過注音符號的初學者可以借用注音符號的「四聲」與輕聲(中縮調)來練習聲調。華語沒有「高縮調」與「中平調」。
原形單母音一覽表:
一聲 |
二聲 |
三聲 |
四聲 |
輕聲 |
高縮 |
中平 |
♪33 |
♪12 |
♪11 |
♪31 |
♪20 |
♪30 |
♪22 |
ax |
aa |
az |
aw |
ah |
af |
a |
ex |
ee |
ez |
ew |
eh |
ef |
e |
ix |
ii |
iz |
iw |
ih |
if |
i |
ox |
oo |
oz |
ow |
oh |
of |
o |
rx |
rr |
rz |
rw |
rh |
rf |
r |
ux |
uu |
uz |
uw |
uh |
uf |
u |
ngx |
ngg |
ngz |
ngw |
ngh |
ngf |
ng |
mx |
mm |
mz |
mw |
mh |
mf |
m |
yx |
yy |
yz |
yw |
yh |
yf |
y |
發音練習:
[ax] (ㄚ): [o ax] (烏鴉) |
[ex] (ㄝ/推): |
[aa] (ㄚˊ): (不耐煩的聲音) |
[ee] (ㄝˊ/的): guaw ee (我的) |
[az] (ㄚˇ): [hrw az] (好了) |
[ez] (ㄝˇ): [q ez] (計), |
[aw]:(ㄚˋ):[ o-aw], (芋) |
[ew] (ㄝˋ/矮): |
[ah] (ㄚ˙/鴨): juiw-ah (水鴨) |
[eh] (ㄝ˙/厄): [jai eh] (災厄) |
[af] (ㄚ˙˙/盒): vniaw-af (餅盒) |
[ef] (ㄝ˙˙/窄): koz *[ef] (褲窄) |
[a] (ㄚ-/阿): [a ii] (阿姨) |
[e] (ㄝ-/會): guaw *[e] (我會) |
l 有*記號的[e]參考下面整合腔調的變形單母音oe的發音。
[ix] (ㄧ/他): si ix
(是他) |
[ox] (ㄛ/黑/烏): |
[ii] (ㄧˊ/姨): [a ii] (阿姨) |
[oo] (ㄛˊ/湖): |
[iz] (ㄧˇ/意): [aiw iz] (愛意) |
[oz] (ㄛˇ/惡/對人兇): |
[iw] (ㄧˋ/椅): iw-aw (椅子) |
[ow] (ㄛˋ/挖) |
[ih] (ㄧ˙): [t ih] (鐵) |
[oh] (ㄛ˙): [m oh] (雙手抱住) |
[if] (ㄧ˙˙): [t if](愛說話) |
[of] (ㄛ˙˙): [m of] (膜) |
[i] (ㄧ-) |
[o] (ㄛ-/芋): o-aw (芋) |
[rx] (ㄜ/褒/誇) |
[ux](ㄨ/污):[tam ux](貪汙) |
[rr] (ㄜˊ/蚵): |
[uu] (ㄨˊ/盂): [tamm uu] (痰盂) |
[rz] (ㄜˇ/澳): [So rz] (蘇澳) |
[uz] (ㄨˇ/靠著使熱或冷) |
[rw] (ㄜˋ/襖): [mii rw] (棉襖) |
[uw] (ㄨˋ/雨): [hong uw] (風雨) |
[rh] (ㄜ˙/不容易) |
[uh] (ㄨ˙): [d uh] (打盹) |
[rf] (ㄜ˙˙/學) |
[uf] (ㄨ˙˙): [d uf] (戳) |
[r] (ㄜ-/學): [d r] (道), [p r] (抱) |
[u] (ㄨ-/有) |
[ngx] (ㄥ/掩): |
[mx]→[mxvorr](姆婆/伯婆) |
[ngg] (ㄥˊ/黃): |
[mm] (梅) |
[ngz] (ㄥˇ/向): |
[mz]→[h mz] (是,應諾詞) |
[ngw] (ㄥˋ/蔭): |
[mw] (姆): [a mw] (伯母) |
[ngh] (ㄥ˙): [sngh](鼻子吸氣) |
[mh]→[hmh] (以物重擊) |
[ngf] (ㄥ˙˙): [ngh ngf] (便便) |
[mf]→[h mf] (悶不吭聲) |
[ng](ㄥ-/暈/眼花) |
[m] (不要) |
[yx](ㄧ/ㄨ/*ㄨ): [s yx] (私) |
[yy] (ㄧˊ/ㄨˊ/*ㄨˊ): [s yy] (詞) |
[yz] (ㄧˇ/ㄨˇ/*ㄨˇ): [s yz] (四) |
[yw] (ㄧˋ/ㄨˋ/*ㄨˋ): [s yw] (史) |
[yh] (ㄧ˙/ㄨ˙/*ㄨ˙): [j yh] (漬乾/拭乾) |
[yf] (ㄧ˙˙/ㄨ˙˙/*ㄨ˙˙) |
[y] (ㄧ-/ㄨ-/*ㄨ-): [s y] (事) |
l y的發音可以隨個人的腔調唸[i],[u],或[y/*ㄨ(用ㄧ的嘴形行發ㄨ的音)]
識字練習
1. 請將下列漢字的台語發音找出正確的台語字:
1.鴨,2.盒,3.蚵,4.澳,5.學,6.矮,7.的(介詞),8厄,9.意,10.椅,11.伊,12.姨,13.芋,14.挖,15.烏,16.湖,17.有,18.蔭(樹蔭),19.黃,20.不(毋)。
2. 上項的解答從後面依序為:m, ngg, ngw, u, oo, ox, ow, o, ii, ix,
iw, iz, eh, ee, ew, rf, rz, rr, af, ah.
附2-4 多母音
由二個以上的母音合成的音節叫做多母音。下表以華語注音符號來說明其他的雙母音 (從現在開始注意:台語字沒有聲調符號時應唸「7/陽去/中平調/♪22」)。
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
多母音一覽表:
二聲 |
三聲 |
四聲 |
輕聲 |
高縮 |
中平 |
|
♪33 |
♪12 |
♪11 |
♪31 |
♪20 |
♪30 |
♪22 |
aix |
aii |
aiz |
aiw |
aih |
aif |
ai |
aux |
auu |
auz |
auw |
auh |
auf |
au |
eox |
eoo |
eoz |
eow |
eoh |
eof |
eo |
iax |
iaa |
iaz |
iaw |
iah |
iaf |
ia |
iaux |
iauu |
iauz |
iauw |
iauh |
iauf |
iau |
irx |
irr |
irz |
irw |
irh |
irf |
ir |
iux |
iuu |
iuz |
iuw |
iuh |
iuf |
iu |
oex |
oee |
oez |
oew |
oeh |
oef |
oe |
orx |
orr |
orz |
orw |
orh |
orf |
or |
uax |
uaa |
uaz |
uaw |
uah |
uaf |
ua |
uaix |
uaii |
uaiz |
uaiw |
uaih |
uaif |
uai |
uex |
uee |
uez |
uew |
ueh |
uef |
ue |
uerx |
uerr |
uerz |
uerw |
uerh |
uerf |
uer |
uix |
uii |
uiz |
uiw |
uih |
uif |
ui |
l 粗體字標記的是整合腔調的變形單母音,初學者稍後再練習。
發音練習
[aix] (ㄞ/哀) |
[aux] (ㄠ/凹) |
[aii] (ㄞˊ): [l aii]
(來) |
[auu] (ㄠˊ/喉) |
[aiz] (ㄞˇ/愛) |
[auz] (ㄠˇ/臭掉) |
[aiw] (ㄞˋ): [b aiw]
(不好) |
[auw] (ㄠˋ/拗) |
[aih] (ㄞ˙) |
[auh] (ㄠ˙): [d auh]
(扣合) |
[aif] (ㄞ˙˙) |
[auf] (ㄠ˙˙) |
[ai] (ㄞ-): [h ai]
(害) |
[au] (ㄠ-/後) |
[iax] (ㄧㄚ): [c iax] (車) |
[iaux] (ㄧㄠ/飫/餓) |
[iaa] (ㄧㄚˊ/爺) |
[iauu] (ㄧㄠˊ/謠) |
[iaz] (ㄧㄚˇ/厭) |
[iauz] (ㄧㄠˇ/要) |
[iaw] (ㄧㄚˋ/野) |
[iauw] (ㄧㄠˋ): [s iauw]
(瘋狂) |
[iah] (ㄧㄚ˙/挖/翻出) |
[iauh] (ㄧㄠ˙): [h iauh](撬開) |
[iaf] (ㄧㄚ˙˙/頁) |
[iauf] (ㄧㄠ˙˙): |
[ia] (ㄧㄚ-/夜) |
[iau] (ㄧㄠ-/耀) |
[irx] (ㄧㄜ/腰) |
[iux] (ㄧㄨ/憂) |
[irr] (ㄧㄜˊ/窯) |
[iuu] (ㄧㄨˊ/油) |
[irz] (ㄧㄜˇ): [c irz] (笑) |
[iuz] (ㄧㄨˇ/細/幼) |
[irw] (ㄧㄜˋ): [j irw] (少) |
[iuw] (ㄧㄨˋ/友) |
[irh] (ㄧㄜ˙/猜) |
[iuh] (ㄧㄨ˙): [d iuh] (抽痛) |
[irf] (ㄧㄜ˙˙/藥) |
[iuf] (ㄧㄨ˙˙) |
[ir] (ㄧㄜ-): [b ir] (廟) |
[iu] (ㄧㄨ-/右) |
[uax] (ㄨㄚ): [q uax] (歌) |
[uaix] (ㄨㄞ/歪) |
[uaa] (ㄨㄚˊ): [j uaa] (蛇) |
[uaii] (ㄨㄞˊ): [h uaii] (懷) |
[uaz] (ㄨㄚˇ): [q uaz] (蓋) |
[uaiz] (ㄨㄞˇ): [k uaiz] (快) |
[uaw] (ㄨㄚˋ/依靠) |
[uaiw] (ㄨㄞˋ/扭傷) |
[uah] (ㄨㄚ˙): [q uah] (割) |
[uaih] (ㄨㄞ˙) |
[uaf] (ㄨㄚ˙˙/活) |
[uaif] (ㄨㄞ˙˙) |
[ua] (ㄨㄚ-): [d ua] (大) |
[uai] (ㄨㄞ-): [h uai] (壞) |
[uex] (ㄨㄝ): [h uex] (花) |
[uix] (ㄨㄧ/威) |
[uee] (ㄨㄝˊ/喂) |
[uii] (ㄨㄧˊ/圍) |
[uez] (ㄨㄝˇ/雜草叢生) |
[uiz] (ㄨㄧˇ/畏/不喜歡) |
[uew] (ㄨㄝˋ/挖) |
[uiw] (ㄨㄧˋ/委) |
*[ueh] (ㄨㄝ˙/用長條物輕輕挑起或劃過) |
*[uih] (ㄨㄧ˙/用長條物輕輕挑起或劃過) |
*[uef] (ㄨㄝ˙˙/劃) |
*[uif] (ㄨㄧ˙˙/劃) |
[ue] (ㄨㄝ-/話) |
[ui] (ㄨㄧ-/位) |
l *的發音因地方腔調不同可以唸[ue]或[ui],參考下面整合腔調的變形單母音ie的發音。
識字練習:
1. 請將下列漢字的台語發音找出正確的台語字:
1.愛,2.哀,3.後,4.拗,5.凹,6.喉,7.厭,8.野,9.爺,10.夜,11.腰,12.搖,13.葯,14.猜測,15.幼,16.友,17.憂,18.油,19.偎(依靠),20.活,21.話,22.胃,23.畏,24.委,25.威,25.違,27.飢餓,28.歪。
2. 上項的解答從後面依序為: uaix, iaux, uii, uix, uiw, uiz, ui, ue, uaf,
uaw, iuu, iux, iuw, iuz, irh, irf, irr, irx, ia, iaa, iaw, iaz, auu, aux, auw,
au, aix, aiz.
整合腔調的變形單母音一覽表:(初學者可以學過第4篇後再練習)
一聲 |
二聲 |
三聲 |
四聲 |
輕聲 |
高縮 |
中平 |
♪33 |
♪12 |
♪11 |
♪31 |
♪20 |
♪30 |
♪22 |
eix |
eii |
eiz |
eiw |
eih |
eif |
ei |
eox |
eoo |
eoz |
eow |
eoh |
eof |
eo |
erx |
err |
erz |
erw |
erh |
erf |
er |
iex |
iee |
iez |
iew |
ieh |
ief |
ie |
iyx |
iyy |
iyz |
iyw |
iyh |
iyf |
iy |
oex |
oee |
oez |
oew |
oeh |
oef |
oe |
orx |
orr |
orz |
orw |
orh |
orf |
or |
uerx |
uerr |
uerz |
uerw |
uerh |
uerf |
uer |
urx |
urr |
urz |
urw |
urh |
urf |
ur |
uyx |
uyy |
uyz |
uyw |
uyh |
uyf |
uy |
發音練習
[eix](ㄝ/*ㄝ/椏) |
[eox](ㄛ/ㄧㄜ): [q eox]
(溝) |
[eii] (ㄝˊ/*ㄝˊ): [d eii]
(茶) |
[eoo] (ㄛˊ/ㄧㄜˊ): [t eoo]
(頭) |
[eiz] (ㄝˇ/*ㄝˇ): [eiz
amz]晚上 |
[eoz] (ㄛˇ/ㄧㄜˇ): [k eoz]
(叩) |
[eiw] (ㄝˋ/*ㄝˋ/啞) |
[eow] (ㄛˋ/ㄧㄜˋ): [k eow]
(口) |
[eih] (ㄝ˙/*ㄝ˙): [c eih]
(書/冊) |
[eoh] (ㄛ˙/ㄧㄜ˙) |
[eif] (ㄝ˙˙/*ㄝ˙˙): [b eif]
(麥) |
[eof] (ㄛ˙˙/ㄧㄜ˙˙) |
[ei] (ㄝ-/*ㄝ-/下) |
[eo] (ㄛ-/ㄧㄜ-): [h eo]
(后) |
l ei的發音因地方腔調不同可以唸[e]或[ɛ/*ㄝ(發音與[e]類似,但是嘴唇兩側比[e]更拉開,接近[i])]
l eo的發音因地方腔調不同可以唸[o]或[ir]
[erx] (ㄝ/*ㄜ): [k erx] (科) |
[iex](ㄝ/ㄧ): [c iex] (淒) |
[err] (ㄝˊ/*ㄜˊ): [b err]
(糜) |
[iee] (ㄝˊ/ㄧˊ): [mu iee]
(梅) |
[erz] (ㄝˇ/*ㄜˇ): [d erz]
(塊) |
[iez] (ㄝˇ/ㄧˇ): [hu iez]
(廢) |
[erw] (ㄝˋ/*ㄜˋ): [d erw]
(短) |
[iew] (ㄝˋ/ㄧˋ): [j iew]
(姊) |
[erh] (ㄝ˙/*ㄜ˙): [d erh]
(在做) |
[ieh] (ㄝ˙/ㄧ˙): [hu ieh]
(血) |
[erf] (ㄝ˙˙/*ㄜ˙˙): (埋怨/介意) |
[ief] (ㄝ˙˙/ㄧ˙˙): [u ief]
(劃) |
[er] (ㄝ/*ㄜ): [d er]
(袋) |
[ie] (ㄝ/ㄧ): [u ie]
(畫) |
l er的發音因地方腔調不同可以唸[e]或[er/*ㄜ(用ㄝ的嘴行發ㄜ的音)]
l ie的發音因地方腔調不同可以唸[e]或[i]
[oex] (ㄝ/ㄨㄝ/挨) |
|
[iyy] (ㄧˊ/ㄨˊ/*ㄨˊ/餘) |
[oee](ㄝˊ/ㄨㄝˊ/鞋) |
[iyz] (ㄧˇ/ㄨˇ/*ㄨˇ/傳染/沾染) |
[oez] (ㄝˇ/ㄨㄝˇ): [s oez]
(細) |
[iyw] (ㄧ/ˋㄨˋ/*ㄨˋ/與) |
[oew] (ㄝˋ/ㄨㄝˋ/矮) |
[iyh] (ㄧ˙/ㄨ˙/*ㄨ˙) |
[oeh] (ㄝ˙/ㄨㄝ˙/喂) |
[iyf] (ㄧ˙˙/ㄨ˙˙/*ㄨ˙˙) |
[oef] (ㄝ˙˙/ㄨㄝ˙˙窄) |
[iy] (ㄧ-/ㄨ-/*ㄨ-/預) |
[oe] (ㄝ-/ㄨㄝ-會) |
l iy的發音因地方腔調不同可以唸[i],[u],或[y/*ㄨ(用ㄧ的嘴形行發ㄨ的音)]
l oe的發音因地方腔調不同可以唸[e]或[ue]
[orx] (ㄜ/*ㄛ/窩) |
[uerx] (ㄝ/ㄨㄝ/*ㄜ鍋) |
[orr] (ㄜˊ/*ㄛˊ): [l orr]
(羅) |
[uerr](ㄝˊ/ㄨㄝˊ/*ㄜˊ): [puerr]皮 |
[orz] (ㄜˇ/*ㄛˇ): [c orz]
(錯) |
[uerz] (ㄝˇ/ㄨㄝˇ/*ㄜˇ/傳染) |
[orw] (ㄜˋ/*ㄛˋ): [q orw]果 |
[uerw](ㄝˋ/ㄨㄝˋ/*ㄜˋ):[huerw]火 |
[orh] (ㄜ˙/*ㄛ˙): [d orh]
(桌) |
[uerh](ㄝ˙/ㄨㄝ˙/*ㄜ˙): [kueh]缺 |
[orf] (ㄜ˙˙/*ㄛ˙˙): [l orf]
(落) |
[uerf](ㄝ˙˙/ㄨㄝ˙˙/*ㄜ˙˙): [guerf]月 |
[or] (ㄜ-/*ㄛ-): [h or]
(禍) |
[uer](ㄝ-/ㄨㄝ-/*ㄜ-):[cuer]尋找 |
l or的發音等同[r],在「汐鹿腔」文讀音等同「ㄛ」,白話音則類似國際音標的[o],是前圓唇的「ㄛ」。
l uer的發音因地方腔調不同可以唸[e],[er/*ㄜ(用ㄝ的嘴行發ㄜ的音)]或[ue]
[urx] (ㄨ/ㄜ/凹) |
[uyx] (ㄨ/ㄧ): [s uyx]
(須/需) |
[urr] (ㄨˊ/ㄜˊ) |
[uyy] (ㄨˊ/ㄧˊ): [z uyy]
(如) |
[urz] (ㄨˇ/ㄜˇ/澳) |
[uyz] (ㄨˇ/ㄧˇ): [c uyz]
(趣) |
[urw] (ㄨˋ/ㄜ): [b urw] (母) |
[uyw] (ㄨˋ/ㄧˋ/雨) |
[urh] (ㄨ˙/ㄜ˙): [s urh]
(吸) |
[uyh] (ㄨ˙/ㄧ˙) |
[urf] (ㄨ˙˙/ㄜ˙˙): [t urf]
(不靈光/無精打采) |
[uyf] (ㄨ˙˙/ㄧ˙˙) |
[ur] (ㄨ-/ㄜ-): [s ur]
(唆使) |
[uy] (ㄨ-/ㄧ-): [q uy]
(具) |
l ur的發音因地方腔調不同可以唸[u]或[r]
l uy的發音普遍腔唸[u],內埔腔的白話唸[i]
識字練習
1. 請將下列漢字的台語發音找出正確的台語字:
1.下,2. 淤,3. 與,4. 鞋,5. 澳,6. 預,7. 矮,8. 雨,9. 餘,10. 鍋,11. 凹,12. 會,13. 啞,14. 窄。
2. 上項的解答從後面依序為:oef, eiw, oe, urx, uerx, iyy, uyw, oew,
iy, urz, oee, iyw, iyx, ei.
l
附2-5 鼻尾音(粗體字標記的是整合腔調的變形字,初學者可以學過第4篇後再練習)
母音後接ng、m、n等鼻音即形成鼻尾音,以華語注音符號來表示則為:
台語字 |
注音符號 |
說 明 |
am |
|
(華語無此發音) |
an |
ㄢ |
|
ang |
ㄤ |
|
en |
ㄝㄣ |
(華語無此發音) |
eng |
ㄧㄥ |
|
eing |
ㄧㄥ |
|
ing |
ㄧㄥ |
|
irng |
ㄧㄥ |
|
iam |
|
(華語無此發音) |
iang |
ㄧㄤ |
|
im |
|
(華語無此發音) |
in |
ㄧㄣ |
|
iong |
ㄧㄛㄥ |
(華語無此發音) |
iung |
ㄧㄛㄥ |
(華語無此發音) |
ong |
ㄛㄥ |
(華語無此發音) |
ung |
ㄛㄥ |
(華語無此發音) |
uan |
ㄨㄢ |
|
un |
ㄨㄣ |
|
uyn |
ㄨㄣ |
|
yn |
ㄣ/ㄧㄣ/ㄨㄣ |
|
iyn |
ㄣ/ㄧㄣ/ㄨㄣ |
|
ym |
|
(華語無此發音) |
一覽表:
一聲 |
二聲 |
三聲 |
四聲 |
中平 |
♪33 |
♪12 |
♪11 |
♪31 |
♪22 |
amx |
amm |
amz |
amw |
am |
anx |
ann |
anz |
anw |
an |
angx |
angg |
angz |
angw |
ang |
enx |
enn |
enz |
enw |
en |
eingx |
eingg |
eingz |
eingw |
eing |
engx |
engg |
engz |
engw |
eng |
iamx |
iamm |
iamz |
iamw |
iam |
iangx |
iangg |
iangz |
iangw |
iang |
imx |
imm |
imz |
imw |
im |
inx |
inn |
inz |
inw |
in |
ingx |
ingg |
ingz |
ingw |
ing |
iongx |
iongg |
iongz |
iongw |
iong |
irngx |
irngg |
irngz |
irngw |
irng |
iungx |
iungg |
iungz |
iungw |
iung |
iynx |
iynn |
iynz |
iynw |
iyn |
ongx |
ongg |
ongz |
ongw |
ong |
uanx |
uann |
uanz |
uanw |
uan |
unx |
unn |
unz |
unw |
un |
ungx |
ungg |
ungz |
ungw |
ung |
uynx |
uynn |
uynz |
uynw |
uyn |
ynx |
ynn |
ynz |
ynw |
yn |
發音練習
[amx] (ㄚm/掩) |
[anx] (ㄚㄣ/ㄢ/安) |
[amm] (ㄚmˊ/涵洞) |
[ann] (ㄚㄣˊ/ㄢˊ/緊) |
[amz] (ㄚmˇ/暗) |
[anz] (ㄚㄣˇ/ㄢˇ/案) |
[amw] (ㄚmˋ/粥汁) |
[anw] (ㄚㄣˋ/ㄢˋ/咱們[高雄]) |
[am] (ㄚm-/脖子) |
[an] (ㄚㄣ-/ㄢ-/延緩) |
[angx] (ㄚㄥ/ㄤ/丈夫) |
[enx] (ㄝㄣ/煙) |
[angg] (ㄚㄥˊ/ㄤ/紅) |
[enn] (ㄝㄣˊ/緣) |
[angz] (ㄚㄥˇ/ㄤˇ/甕) |
[enz] (ㄝㄣˇ/宴) |
[angw] (ㄚㄥ/ˋㄤˋ/bangw蚊子) |
[enw] (ㄝㄣˋ/演) |
[ang] (ㄚㄥ-/ㄤ-/自滿) |
[en] (ㄝㄣ-) [den]
(電) |
[engx] (ㄧㄥ, sengx 生) |
[eingx] (ㄧㄥ, ceingx千) |
[engg] (ㄧㄥˊ, sengg成) |
[eingg] (ㄧㄥˊ/閒) |
[engz] (ㄧㄥˇ/應, sengz聖) |
[eingz] (ㄧㄥˇ, jeingz薦) |
[engw] (ㄧㄥˋ, sengw省) |
[eingw] (ㄧㄥˋ, ceingw拂/跳) |
[eng] (ㄧㄥ-, seng盛) |
[eing] (ㄧㄥ-, deing硬) |
l eng/ing/inrg的發音相同
l eing的發音因地方腔調不同有 [eng],[ngai]、[an]或[en]的唸法
[ingx] (ㄧㄥ/英) |
[irngx] (ㄧㄥ/癰) |
[ingg] (ㄧㄥˊ/營) |
[irngg] (ㄧㄥˊ/榮) |
[ingz] (ㄧㄥˇ/映) |
[irngz]( ㄧㄥˇ/施肥, jirngz種) |
[ingw] (ㄧㄥˋ/影) |
[irngw] (ㄧㄥˋ/浪/泳/湧) |
[ing]( ㄧㄥ/盪漾/d ing
定) |
[irng] (ㄧㄥ/用) |
l eng/ing/inrg的發音相同
[iamx] (ㄧㄚm/閹) |
[iangx] (ㄧㄤ, siangx雙) |
[iamm] (ㄧㄚmˊ/鹽) |
[iangg] (ㄧㄤˊ, liangg涼) |
[iamz] (ㄧㄚmˇ/厭, d iamz店) |
[iangz] (ㄧㄤˇ, kiangz能幹) |
[iamw] (ㄧㄚmˋ/掩) |
[iangw] (ㄧㄤˋ, hiangw響) |
[iam] (ㄧㄚm-/炎) |
[iang] (ㄧㄤ-/自滿) |
[imx] (ㄧm/音) |
[inx] (ㄧㄣ/他們) |
[imm] (ㄧmˊ/淫) |
[inn] (ㄧㄣˊ/寅) |
[imz] (ㄧmˇ/蔭) |
[inz] (ㄧㄣˇ/印) |
[imw] (ㄧmˋ/飲) |
[inw] (ㄧㄣˋ/引) |
[im] (ㄧm-, qim舅媽) |
[in] (ㄧㄣ-/孕, jin盡) |
[iongx] (ㄧㄛㄥ/央) |
[iungx] (ㄧㄛㄥ/傭) |
[iongg] (ㄧㄛㄥˊ/陽) |
[iungg] (ㄧㄛㄥˊ/容) |
[iongz] (ㄧㄛㄥˇ, siongz注視) |
[iungz] (ㄧㄛㄥˇ, liungz躍起) |
[iongw] (ㄧㄛㄥˋ/養) |
[iungw] (ㄧㄛㄥˋ/勇) |
[iong] (ㄧㄛㄥ, s iong相片) |
[iung] (ㄧㄛㄥ-/用) |
l iung的發音與iong/相同
[ongx] (ㄛㄥ/汪, dongx當) |
[ungx] (ㄛㄥ/翁, dungx東) |
[ongg] (ㄛㄥˊ/王, dongg唐) |
[ungg] (ㄛㄥˊ, dungg同) |
[ongz] (ㄛㄥˇ, dongz擋) |
[ungz] (ㄛㄥˇ, d ungz凍) |
[ongw] (ㄛㄥˋ/往, dongw黨) |
[ungw] (ㄛㄥˋ, dungw董) |
[ong] (ㄛㄥ-/旺, dong宕/盪) |
[ung] (ㄛㄥ-, dung動) |
l ung的發音與ong/相同
[uanx] (ㄨㄢ/冤) |
|
[uann] (ㄨㄢˊ/完) |
|
[uanz] (ㄨㄢˇ/怨) |
|
[uanw] (ㄨㄢˋ/腕) |
|
[uan] (ㄨㄢ-/緩) |
|
[unx] (ㄨㄣ/溫) |
[uynx] (ㄨㄣ/ㄧㄣ, huynx菸/燻) |
[unn] (ㄨㄣ/輪流, hunn魂) |
[uynn] (ㄨㄣ/ㄧㄣ/勻, huynn雲) |
[unz] (ㄨㄣˇ/塭) |
[uynz] (ㄨㄣˇ/ㄧㄣˇ) |
[unw] (ㄨㄣˋ/穩) |
[uynw] (ㄨㄣˋ/ㄧㄣˋ/允) |
[un] (ㄨㄣ-/運) |
[uyn] (ㄨㄣ-/ㄧㄣ-) |
l uyn的發音普遍腔唸[un],內埔腔的白話唸[in]
[ynx] (ㄨㄣ/ㄧㄣ/*ㄨㄣ/恩) |
[iynx] (ㄨㄣ/ㄧㄣ/*ㄨㄣ/殷) |
[ynn] (ㄨㄣ/ㄧㄣ/*ㄨㄣ, gynn齦) |
[iynn] (ㄨㄣ/ㄧㄣ/*ㄨㄣ, giynn銀) |
[ynz] (ㄨㄣˇ/ㄧㄣˇ/*ㄨㄣˇ, qynz艮) |
[iynz] (ㄨㄣˇ/ㄧㄣˇ/*ㄨㄣˇ) |
[ynw] (ㄨㄣˋ/ㄧㄣˋ/*ㄨㄣˋ, kynw墾) |
[iynw] (ㄨㄣˋ/ㄧㄣˋ/*ㄨㄣˋ/悶使..成熟) |
[yn] (ㄨㄣ-/ㄧㄣ-/*ㄨㄣ-, hyn恨) |
[iyn] (ㄨㄣ-/ㄧㄣ-/*ㄨㄣ-, qiyn近) |
l yn與會iyn的發音依各地腔調唸[un]、[in]或[yn]
識字練習:
1. 請將下列漢字的台語發音找出正確的台語字:
1.完,2.彎,3.腕,4.緩,5.王,6.汪,7.翁,8.旺,9.容,10.央,11.勇,12.用,13.陽,14.鹽,15.閹,16.炎,17.揚/得意,18.溫,19.穩,20.塭,21.運,22.引,23.印,24.他們,25.淫,26.音,27.冗(閒),28.灰塵飛揚,29.湧,30.應,31.緣,32.煙,33.安,34.案,35.庵,36.粥汁,37.暗,38.脖子,39.紅,40.丈夫,41.恩,42.隱,43.運,44.英。
2. 上項的解答從後面依序為:ingx, un, iynw, ynx, angx, angg, am,
amz, amw, amx, anz, anx, enx, enn, engz, irngw, engx, eingg, imx, imm, inx,
inz, inw, un, unz, unw, unx, iang, iam, iamx, iamm, iongg, iung, iungw, iongx,
iungg, ong, ungx, ongx, ongg, uan, uanw, uanx, uann.
附2-6 縮尾音
台語的入聲則相當發達,除喉音h/f外,尚有唇音b/p、舌尖音d/t、舌根音g/k都可以急促收縮,統稱「縮尾調」。而且相同部位的「縮尾調」,還有高、中、低調的區別。拼寫方式以母音接h、b、d、g來表示的統稱「4/陰入/中縮調♪20/30(汐鹿腔)」,普遍腔的發音以「7/陽去/中平調/♪22/♪21(汐鹿腔)」依照喉、唇、舌尖、舌根不同部位做急促收縮。「8/陽入/高縮調/♪30」則是接f、p、t、k來表示,普遍腔以「1/陰平/高平調/♪33」的調值依照喉、唇、舌尖、舌根不同部位做急促收縮。台語字入聲的字尾雖然以子音b、d、f、g、h、k、p、t來拼寫,但是與英文不同,這些子音只用來表示急促收縮的嘴形,不發出任何聲音。
一覽表
輕聲/中縮調 |
高縮 |
♪20 |
♪30 |
ah |
af |
ab |
ap |
ad |
at |
ag |
ak |
eh |
ef |
ed |
et |
eg |
ek |
ig |
ik |
irg |
irk |
ih |
if |
ib |
ip |
id |
it |
uh |
uf |
ud |
ut |
iah |
iaf |
iab |
iap |
iag |
iak |
iog |
iok |
irh |
irf |
iuh |
iuf |
iug |
iuk |
oh |
of |
ob |
op |
og |
ok |
uah |
uaf |
uad |
uat |
uh |
uf |
ug |
uk |
[ah] |
[af] |
[ab] (壓) |
[ap] (盒) |
[ad] (折) |
[at]→[d at]
(達) |
[ag] (淋雨) |
[ak]→[l ak]
(六) |
[eh] |
[ef] |
[ed]→[q ed]
(結) |
[et] (搧),→[q et] (又貪又吝) |
[eg] (億),→[j eg] (則) |
[ek] (翼) |
[ig] (益),→[j ig] (積) |
[ik] (易) |
[irg]→[j irk]
(叔) |
[irk] (浴) |
l
eg/ig/irg發音相同,ek/ik/irk發音相同
[iah] |
[iaf] |
[iab] (隱蔽) |
[iap] (葉) |
[iag]→[s iag]
(摔) |
[iak]→[k iak]
(敲) |
[iog] (約), →[j iog] (爵) |
[iok] (躍) |
[iug]→[j iug]
(足) |
[iuk] (育) |
[irh] |
[irf] |
[iuh] |
[iuf] |
l iug的發音與iog/相同
[oh] |
[of] |
[og] (惡) |
[ok]→[l ok]
(樂) |
[ug] (屋) |
[uk]→[l uk]
(鹿) |
l ug的發音與og/相同
[uh] |
[uf] |
[uah] |
[uaf] |
[uad](車轉彎),→[h uad](法) |
[uat](人轉頭),→[h uat](罰) |
練習:
1. 請將下列漢字的台語發音找出正確的台語字:
1.轉彎,2.回頭,3.惡,4.約,5.慾,6.葉,7.鬱,8.一,
9.億,10.譯,11.搖(扇子),12.折,13.壓,14.盒,15.沃(澆
水)。
2. 上項的解答從後面依序為:ag, ap, ab, ad, et,
ik, eg, id, ud, iap, iuk, iog, og, uat, uad.
附2-7鼻化音
台語的鼻化音很發達,主要存在於白話音,與鼻尾音有對應關係,亦是台語的一大特色。「影ngiaw」與「野iaw」不能含混。雖然華語的「他」與「怕」在發音上有鼻音化的現象,但是,華語沒有鼻化音的音位。練習鼻化音時,可以先試著用手捏住鼻子,然後發出[a]、[e]、[i]、[o]、[u]的聲音。
一覽表:
一聲 |
二聲 |
三聲 |
四聲 |
輕聲 |
高縮 |
中平 |
♪33 |
♪12 |
♪11 |
♪31 |
♪20 |
♪30 |
♪22 |
ngax1 |
ngaa |
ngaz |
ngaw |
ngah |
ngaf |
nga |
ngeix2 |
ngeii |
ngeiz |
ngeiw |
ngeih |
ngeif |
ngei |
ngix |
ngii |
ngiz |
ngiw |
ngih |
ngif |
ngi |
ngox |
ngoo |
ngoz |
ngow |
ngoh |
ngof |
ngo |
ngaix |
ngaii |
ngaiz |
ngaiw |
ngaih |
ngaif |
ngai |
ngaux |
ngauu |
ngauz |
ngauw |
ngauh |
ngauf |
ngau |
ngiax |
ngiaa |
ngiaz |
ngiaw |
ngiah |
ngiaf |
ngia |
ngiaux |
ngiauu |
ngiauz |
ngiauw |
ngiauh |
ngiauf |
ngiau |
ngiox3 |
ngioo |
ngioz |
ngiow |
ngioh |
ngiof |
ngio |
ngiux3 |
ngiuu |
ngiuz |
ngiuw |
ngiuh |
ngiuf |
ngiu |
nguax |
nguaa |
nguaz |
nguaw |
nguah |
nguaf |
ngua |
nguaix |
nguaii |
nguaiz |
nguaiw |
nguaih |
nguaif |
nguai |
nguex |
nguee |
nguez |
nguew |
ngueh |
nguef |
ngue |
nguix |
nguii |
nguiz |
nguiw |
nguih |
nguif |
ngui |
說明:
1. 以ng附加在母音前面表示鼻化音僅是造字上的便宜措施,在語音學上並非很嚴謹的標示。鼻化音的前面有子音時(m與n除外),ng省略為n。例如:
「趕」是[q]+[ngaw],寫為qnaw。
「天」是[t]+[ngix],寫為tnix。
「城」是[s]+[ngiaa],寫為sniaa。
2. ngei的發音依各地腔調可以唸[ngɛ]或[ngi]
3.
ngio是ngiu的地方腔調,僅做為表示特殊地方口音時用。
發音練習
[nga] (餡) |
[ngiaa] (營) |
[ngaz] (彎腰) |
[ngiaw] (影) |
[ngeix] (嬰) |
[ngiuu] (羊) |
[ngi] (院) |
[ngiu] (樣) |
[ngii] (圓) |
[nguaw] (碗) |
[ngai] (揹) |
[ngua] (換) |
識字練習:
1. 請將下列漢字的台語發音找出正確的台語字:
1.碗,2.晚,3.換,4.羊,5.養,6.樣,7.營,8.影,9.揹,10.嬰,11.院,12.楹,13.偏袒,14.俯,15.餡。
2. 上項的解答依序為:nguaw, nguaz, ngua, ngiuu, ngiuw, ngiu,
ngiaa, ngiaw, ngai, ngeix, ngi, ngeii, ngaa, ngaz, nga.
3. 請將下列台語字拼音,並以漢字寫出意思(字母後面的「'」或「-」暫時不必理會,詳見第四篇正字規則)。
1. a'ii, 2. a'mw, 3. rr-aw, 4. eiz'amz, 5. o'imx, 6. o'enx, 7. o'iuu, 8.
iuu'enx, 9. ai'uanz, 10. eng'iax, 11. uan'uad, 12. yn'uanz, 13. ok'iz, 14. iwaiz, 15. o'ngiaw,
16. uan'ngiux.
4. 上項之解答依序為:阿姨、阿姆(伯母)、蚵、晚上、陰天、黑煙、機油、油煙、哀怨、灰揚、彎曲、恩怨、惡意、意愛(喜歡)、黑影、鴛鴦。
附2-8含子音v, p, b, m練習
v |
a |
va |
p |
a |
pa |
b |
a |
ba |
m |
a |
ma |
v |
e |
ve |
p |
e |
pe |
b |
e |
be |
m |
e |
me |
v |
oe |
voe |
p |
oe |
poe |
b |
oe |
boe |
v |
uer |
vuer |
p |
uer |
puer |
b |
uer |
buer |
v |
ox |
vox |
b |
ox |
box |
m |
ox |
mox |
v |
ii |
vii |
p |
ii |
pii |
b |
ii |
bii |
m |
ii |
mii |
v |
ah |
vah |
p |
ah |
pah |
b |
ah |
bah |
m |
ah |
mah |
v |
aiz |
vaiz |
p |
aiz |
paiz |
b |
aiw |
baiw |
m |
ai |
mai |
v |
angx |
vangx |
p |
angx |
pangx |
b |
ang |
bang |
v |
ak |
vak |
p |
ak |
pak |
b |
ak |
bak |
v |
ag |
vag |
p |
ag |
pag |
b |
ag |
bag |
v |
ngei |
vnei |
m |
ei |
mei |
2. 多音節練習
v |
az |
vaz |
awvaz |
霸道 |
v |
ah |
vah |
vaxvah |
爸爸 |
b |
ah |
bah |
veihbah |
肥肉 |
m |
ah |
mah |
maxmah |
媽媽 |
m |
aw |
maw |
amaw |
祖母 |
v |
aiz |
vaiz |
vaiwvaiz |
拜拜 |
p |
aiz |
paiz |
pongpaiz |
豐沛 |
v |
irx |
virx |
vrxvirx |
保鑣 |
v |
angx |
vangx |
ovangx |
黑板 |
b |
an |
ban |
vafban |
百萬 |
v |
ng |
vng |
veihvng |
白飯 |
p |
ngaiw |
pnaiw |
pafpnaiw |
打壞 |
m |
uaa |
muaa |
o'muaa |
黑麻 |
附2-9含子音d,
t, n, l練習
l |
a |
la |
n |
a |
na |
l |
e |
le |
t |
e |
te |
d |
e |
de |
n |
e |
ne |
l |
oe |
loe |
d |
oe |
doe |
l |
uer |
luer |
t |
uer |
tuer |
d |
uer |
duer |
t |
ng |
tng |
d |
ng |
dng |
n |
ng |
nng |
l |
au |
lau |
d |
au |
dau |
n |
au |
nau |
l |
iaf |
liaf |
t |
iah |
tiah |
d |
iah |
diah |
t |
unw |
tunw |
d |
unw |
dunw |
l |
unw |
lunw |
t |
ngix |
tnix |
d |
ngix |
dnix |
n |
ix |
nix |
t |
nguaa |
tnuaa |
d |
nguaa |
dnuaa |
n |
uaa |
nuaa |
2. 多音節練習:
l |
iw |
liw |
lennliw |
連理 |
t |
ez |
tez |
tiuterz |
抽身 |
d |
ux |
dux |
didux |
蜘蛛 |
n |
ex |
nex |
nenex |
奶(兒語) |
d |
ii |
dii |
denzdii |
電池 |
n |
iaa |
niaa |
a’niaa |
阿娘 |
t |
uix |
tuix |
drtuix |
刀梯 |
l |
unw |
lunw |
tunlunw |
吞忍 |
d |
ut |
dut |
dongzdut |
衝突 |
l |
iam |
liam |
lixliam |
理念 |
t |
ngx |
tngx |
dnitngx |
甜湯 |
t |
ngiaz |
tniaz |
tangwtniaz |
疼痛 |
附2-10含子音q, k, g, h練習
1. 單音節練習:
q |
ax |
qax |
k |
ax |
kax |
g |
aa |
gaa |
h |
aa |
haa |
q |
auu |
qauu |
k |
auz |
kauz |
g |
auu |
gauu |
h |
auz |
hauz |
q |
enz |
qenz |
k |
eg |
keg |
k |
erx |
kerx |
h |
irk |
hirk |
q |
uax |
quax |
g |
ua |
gua |
q |
oex |
qoex |
k |
oeh |
koeh |
h |
ungg |
hungg |
k |
uax |
kuax |
h |
uix |
huix |
q |
uerz |
querz |
h |
ue |
hue |
q |
ngx |
qngx |
k |
ngx |
kngx |
h |
ngx |
hngx |
h |
mh |
hmh |
q |
ngiaa |
qniaa |
g |
ngiaa |
gniaa |
h |
ngiaa |
hniaa |
2. 多音節練習:
q |
i |
qi |
qaqi |
自己 |
k |
i |
ki |
qimwki |
禁忌 |
g |
i |
gi |
Qagi |
嘉義 |
q |
ii |
qii |
qokqii |
國旗 |
g |
ii |
gii |
giaugii |
懷疑 |
k |
iz |
kiz |
hukkiz |
福氣 |
q |
iyw |
qiyw |
suanxqiyw |
選舉 |
g |
iyw |
giyw |
Daiigiyw |
台語 |
h |
iyy |
hiyy |
o'hiyy |
烏魚 |
k |
iyz |
kiyz |
querwkiyz |
過去 |
k |
aw |
kaw |
quaikaw |
乖巧 |
h |
aiw |
haiw |
guaz'haiw |
外海 |
g |
o |
go |
qakgo |
覺悟 |
q |
iuz |
qiuz |
genxqiuz |
研究 |
k |
uaiz |
kuaiz |
kiynkuaiz |
勤快 |
g |
enn |
genn |
giyxgenn |
語言 |
h |
iungg |
hiungg |
ing'hiungg |
英雄 |
q |
iuk |
qiuk |
qetqiuk |
結局 |
h |
uad |
huad |
honghuad |
方法 |
g |
ngaw |
gnaw |
bunngnaw |
文雅 |
附2-11含子音j, c, s, z練習
1.
單音節練習:
j |
ax |
jax |
c |
ax |
cax |
s |
ax |
sax |
j |
aix |
jaix |
c |
aiz |
caiz |
j |
e |
je |
j |
er |
jer |
c |
oee |
coee |
s |
oew |
soew |
j |
uer |
juer |
c |
uerx |
cuerx |
s |
oez |
soez |
j |
iz |
jiz |
c |
ix |
cix |
j |
y |
jy |
c |
yz |
cyz |
s |
yy |
syy |
z |
iyy |
ziyy |
j |
ngx |
jngx |
c |
ngx |
cngx |
s |
ngx |
sngx |
j |
if |
jif |
c |
if |
cif |
s |
if |
sif |
z |
if |
zif |
j |
uanw |
juanw |
s |
uanw |
suanw |
z |
uanw |
zuanw |
j |
ngiaz |
jniaz |
c |
ngiaz |
cniaz |
s |
ngiaz |
sniaz |
2. 多音節練習:
j |
ax |
jax |
ajax |
骯髒 |
c |
erz |
cerz |
cangcerz |
乾脆 |
s |
oex |
soex |
caasoex |
柴梳 |
z |
u |
zu |
huwzu |
富裕 |
j |
aix |
jaix |
juixjaix |
水災 |
c |
iux |
ciux |
cenciux |
千秋 |
s |
ia |
sia |
juwsia |
注射 |
c |
irh |
cirh |
cunwcirh |
尺寸 |
j |
ingg |
jingg |
simjingg |
心情 |
c |
unx |
cunx |
cingcunx |
青春 |
z |
enn |
zenn |
jnggzenn |
全然 |
j |
ngg |
jngg |
jabjngg |
完整 |
c |
ngg |
cngg |
ciacngg |
車床 |
s |
ngg |
sngg |
langgsngg |
蒸籠 |
c |
ak |
cak |
ciwcak |
煩心 |
s |
iuk |
siuk |
cosiuk |
粗俗 |
z |
et |
zet |
cinzet |
親熱 |
j |
ngiu |
jniu |
veiijniu |
抓癢 |
c |
ngiu |
cniu |
cincniu |
宛如 |
s |
ngiu |
sniu |
siauwsniu |
妄想 |
沒有留言:
張貼留言